EL MOVIMIENTO HUMANO COMO SALUD PREVENTIVA
Y TERAPÉUTICA PARA ENFERMEDADES FÍSICAS Y PSICOSOCIALES:
EL EJERCICIO ES MEDICINA® (EXERCISE IS MEDICINE®)
Profesor Edgar Lopategui Corsino
DESCRIPCIÓN
La campaña salubrista global del Ejercicio es Medicina® representa un enfoque
preventivo y terapéutico ante diversas patologías, concebido por el Colegio
Americano de Medicina del Deporte (American College of Sports Medicine, ACSM).
Esta campaña consiste en instaurar al movimiento humano (actividad física y el
ejercicio) como la base para la salud preventiva o el tratamiento médico de
enfermedades agudas y crónicas,
FINALIDAD
Lo que se propone es que los médicos sigan su evaluación de la salúd clásica
para el paciente, pero que le añada un examen de estilos devida que incluya su
nivel de actividad física y ejercicio. Así, el médico, capacitado y con las
credenciales requeridas por el EIM®, habrá de orientar al cliente en los pasos
requeridospara ser ás activos y menos sedentario, o más bien, precribir la "pastilla
del ejercicio" (Jonas & Phillips, 2009).
ORIGEN Y EVOLUCIÓN
La iniciatva del Ejercicio es Medicina® (Exercise is Medicine®, EIM) fue lanzada
en noviembre del 2007 por la American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) y la
American Medical Association. La señalada capaña se perfiló como un movimiento
local y global, con la finalidad de tener presencia los sistema de salud pública
(Paternostro-Bayles, 2009).
UN LLAMADO PARA REFORMAR EL SISTEMA DE SALUD
Un enfoque medular de la campaña a nivel mundial con respecto al Ejercicio es
Medicina® radica en integrar la actividad física como alternativa terapéutica en
la práxis médica. Como paso inicial es imperante que el historial médico
tradicional que completan los pacientes en un consultorio médico incorpore
preguntas de actividad física. Esto, seguido de consejería sobre las
intervenciones de actividades físicas en la vida diaria y la pescripción de
ejercicio de los participantes potenciales. Finalmente, el médico refiere al
paciente a los recursos cualificados en la comunidad, los cuales poseen
programas áptos para apoyar científicamente intervenir en actividades físicas y
el diseño de programas de ejercicios. Lo anterior se conoce con las siglas en
inglés SBIRT, que significa "Screening, Brief Intervention, Referral to
Treatment", es decir, Evaluación, Intervención Breve y Referido para el
Tratamiento. Por su parte, la evaluación del nivel de actividad física se conoce
como "Physical Activity Vital Sign (PAVS)", la cual consiste de dos (2)
preguntas que indagan sobre la posible la frecuencia, intensidad, tiempo y
volumen en que pueda estar involucrado el participante. En atensión al referido,
se trata de crear una red que incluya programas de actividad física y ejercicios
en la comunidad, como lo puede ser la YMCA, profesionales del ejercicio, el uso
de aplicaciones móviles que monitorean la actividad físIca y otros recursos. Con
esto lo que se busca es crear alianzas formales entre el sector clínico y la
comunidad que posee recursos para trabajar las actividades físicas y la
prescripción ejercicio (American College of Sports Medicine [ACSM], 2020, 2023,
2024; Stoutenberg, 2025).
IMPLEMENTACIÓN
TIPO DE EIM®
EL EJERCICIO ES MEDICINA PARA UN ENVEJECIMIENTO ACTIVO
EJEMPLOS/MODELOS
Modelo de Clínica a Comunidad
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EL EJERCICIO ES MEDICINA® (EXERCISE IS MEDICINE®, EIM®): POR EL COLEGIO
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